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Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA), as the name suggests, are a type of antibodies that work against neutrophils leading to autoimmune vasculitis.
Contents
Types of ANCA
- pANCA, which targets myeloperoxidase
- cANCA, proteinase 3
Other names
ANCA antibodies, cANCA pANCA, cytoplasmic neutrophil antibodies, serum, anticytoplasmic autoantibodies
Clinical use
ANCA test is used to diagnose autoimmune vasculitis.
Types of autoimmune vasculitis
Types of autoimmune vasculitis include:
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), )Wegener's disease) affecting the lungs, kidneys, and sinuses.
- Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) affecting lungs, kidneys, nervous system, and skin.
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), (Churg-Strauss syndrome) affects skin and lungs. It often causes asthma.
- Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) affecting the heart, kidneys, skin, and central nervous system.
Symptoms
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Weight loss
- Muscle and/or joint aches
- Eyes
- Redness
- Blurred vision
- Loss of vision
- Ears
- Ringing in the ears (tinnitus)
- Hearing loss
- Sinuses
- Sinus pain
- Runny nose
- Nose bleeds
- Skin
- Rashes
- Sores or ulcers, a type of deep sore that's slow to heal and/or keeps coming back
- Lungs
- Cough
- Trouble breathing
- Chest pain
- Kidneys
- Blood in the urine
- Foamy urine, which is caused by protein in the urine
- Nervous system
- Numbness and tingling in different parts of the body
Test results
If your ANCA is negative, it means your symptoms are probably not due to autoimmune vasculitis.
If you test positive for ANCA, it may indicate autoimmune vasculitis.
The test can also show which ANCA, either cANCAs or pANCAs were found which can help determine which type of vasculitis you have.
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