ARDS

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Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a severe, often life-threatening, medical condition characterized by widespread inflammation in the lungs. It is a form of respiratory failure that can occur in critically ill patients.

Definition

ARDS is defined as a sudden and progressive form of acute respiratory failure in which the alveolar capillary membrane becomes damaged and more permeable to intravascular fluid. This results in the accumulation of fluid within the alveoli, leading to severe shortness of breath and often to respiratory failure, shock, multiple organ failure, and death.

Causes

ARDS can be caused by any major injury to the lungs. Common causes include pneumonia, sepsis, aspiration of stomach contents, and severe trauma. Other causes can include lung contusion, inhalation injury, near drowning, and adverse drug reactions.

Symptoms

The main symptom of ARDS is severe shortness of breath. Other symptoms can include rapid breathing, difficulty breathing, and feeling as if you're not getting enough air. In severe cases, patients may experience cyanosis (bluish color of the skin and mucous membranes), decreased level of consciousness, and organ failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of ARDS is based on clinical findings and the results of chest X-ray or CT scan. Other tests may include blood tests, arterial blood gas measurements, and sometimes bronchoscopy or echocardiography.

Treatment

Treatment of ARDS is primarily supportive and includes oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, and treatment of the underlying cause. In some cases, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may be used.

Prognosis

The prognosis of ARDS is often poor, with a high mortality rate. However, some patients can recover with appropriate treatment and supportive care.

See also

External links

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