Acanthamoeba infection

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Acanthamoeba Infection

Acanthamoeba infection (pronunciation: a-kan-tha-mee-ba in-fek-shun) is a rare but serious condition caused by a microscopic, free-living amoeba (single-celled living organism) called Acanthamoeba.

Etymology

The term Acanthamoeba is derived from the Greek words 'akantha' meaning spine and 'amoibe' meaning change, referring to the amoeba's spiny pseudopods.

Definition

Acanthamoeba infection primarily affects the eye, skin, and central nervous system. The amoeba can cause severe illness, including Acanthamoeba keratitis when it infects the eyes, Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis (GAE) when it infects the brain and spinal cord, and cutaneous acanthamoebiasis when it infects the skin.

Symptoms

Symptoms of Acanthamoeba infection can vary depending on the part of the body that's infected. In the case of Acanthamoeba keratitis, symptoms may include eye pain, redness, blurred vision, sensitivity to light, and excessive tearing. GAE symptoms may include headache, fever, stiff neck, nausea, and vomiting. Cutaneous acanthamoebiasis symptoms may include skin lesions, ulcers, and painful nodules.

Causes

Acanthamoeba are typically found in soil, dust, fresh water sources like lakes and hot springs, and in some tap water, air conditioning units, and swimming pools. The amoebas can enter the body through the nose, eyes, or skin wounds.

Treatment

Treatment for Acanthamoeba infection involves medications to kill the amoebas, including antifungal drugs, antibiotics, and antiseptics. In severe cases, surgery may be required.

Prevention

Prevention strategies include proper hygiene, avoiding contact with potentially contaminated water, and proper care for contact lenses.

Related Terms

External links

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