Actinomycetoma
Actinomycetoma
Actinomycetoma (pronounced: ak-ti-no-my-ce-to-ma) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by the formation of abscesses, granulomas, and sinuses in the subcutaneous tissues. The disease is caused by certain types of bacteria known as actinomycetes.
Etymology
The term "Actinomycetoma" is derived from the Greek words "aktis" meaning ray, "mykes" meaning fungus, and "oma" meaning tumor. Despite the name, the disease is not caused by a fungus but by bacteria that resemble fungi under the microscope.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of Actinomycetoma include swelling and inflammation of the affected area, the formation of multiple small abscesses, and the discharge of pus containing granules from sinuses. The disease usually affects the limbs but can also occur in other parts of the body.
Causes
Actinomycetoma is caused by a group of bacteria known as actinomycetes. The most common species causing the disease are Nocardia brasiliensis, Actinomadura madurae, and Streptomyces somaliensis. These bacteria are usually found in soil and vegetation and enter the body through minor cuts or abrasions.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Actinomycetoma is based on clinical symptoms, microscopic examination of pus or tissue samples, and sometimes imaging studies. The characteristic granules in the pus are a key diagnostic feature.
Treatment
Treatment of Actinomycetoma involves long-term antibiotic therapy, often combined with surgical intervention to remove abscesses or debride infected tissue. The choice of antibiotics depends on the species of bacteria causing the disease.
Prognosis
With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the prognosis for Actinomycetoma is generally good. However, if left untreated, the disease can cause severe damage to the affected tissues and may lead to disability.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Actinomycetoma
- Wikipedia's article - Actinomycetoma
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