Agrobacterium tumefaciens

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Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Agrobacterium tumefaciens (pronounced: /ˌæɡroʊbækˈtɪəriəm tuːməˈfæsiːənz/) is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is known for its ability to cause tumors in plants.

Etymology

The name Agrobacterium tumefaciens derives from the Latin agro meaning 'field', bacterium meaning 'small rod', and tumefaciens meaning 'making a swelling'. This name reflects the bacterium's ability to cause tumors in plants.

Characteristics

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a rod-shaped bacterium that is found in the soil. It is capable of infecting a wide range of plant species and causing crown gall disease, a type of plant tumor. This is achieved through the transfer of a segment of its tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid into the plant's DNA, which integrates into the plant's genome and causes the formation of a tumor.

Related Terms

  • Crown gall disease: A type of plant tumor caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
  • Ti plasmid: A plasmid found in Agrobacterium tumefaciens that is responsible for the formation of tumors in plants.
  • DNA: The molecule that carries genetic instructions in all living organisms.
  • Gram-negative bacteria: A group of bacteria that do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation.
  • Soil bacteria: Bacteria that live in the soil and play a crucial role in nutrient cycling.

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