Alcohols

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Alcohols

Alcohols (/ælˈkoʊhɔːlz/) are a group of organic compounds that contain one or more hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups attached to a carbon atom. They are classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary, based upon the number of carbon atoms connected to the carbon atom that bears the hydroxyl functional group.

Etymology

The word "alcohol" is from the Arabic al-kuḥl (الكحل), a powder used as an eyeliner. Al- is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English. It was used in Middle English to refer to any sublimated substance, distilled material, or even for fine powder.

Types of Alcohols

  • Primary Alcohols: The carbon atom to which the -OH group is attached is only linked to one other carbon atom.
  • Secondary Alcohols: The carbon atom to which the -OH group is attached is linked to two other carbon atoms.
  • Tertiary Alcohols: The carbon atom to which the -OH group is attached is linked to three other carbon atoms.

Related Terms

  • Hydroxyl Group: A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an oxygen atom.
  • Organic Compounds: Compounds that contain carbon atoms.
  • Functional Group: A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound.

Uses of Alcohols

Alcohols are used in a wide variety of applications, including as solvents, antiseptics, fuels, and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, plastics, and other industrial chemicals.

Health Effects

Excessive consumption of alcohols, particularly ethanol, can lead to a range of health problems, including liver disease, heart problems, and neurological damage. However, moderate consumption can have some health benefits, particularly for heart health.

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