Aldehydes

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Aldehydes

Aldehydes (/ælˈdɪhaɪdz/) are a type of organic compound characterized by the presence of a formyl group. The structure of an aldehyde consists of a carbonyl center (a carbon double-bonded to oxygen) with the carbon atom also bonded to hydrogen and to an R group, which is any generic alkyl or side chain.

Etymology

The term "aldehyde" originates from the Latin word "al" meaning "of" and the Greek word "dehydro" meaning "removal of water". This is in reference to the fact that aldehydes are formed by dehydrating alcohol.

Structure and Bonding

Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms. Aldehydes are also distinguished from carboxylic acids by the presence of a hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl group, as opposed to an -OH group in carboxylic acids.

Properties

Aldehydes are typically more reactive than ketones due to the presence of that hydrogen atom. They are often strong-smelling and are responsible for many of the odors we associate with certain plants, fruits, and spices.

Related Terms

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