Alkaline phosphatase
Alkaline Phosphatase
Alkaline phosphatase (pronounced: al-ka-line fos-fa-tase) is an enzyme that is most effectively active in an alkaline environment. It is found in several tissues throughout the body, including the liver, bone, and placenta.
Etymology
The term "alkaline phosphatase" is derived from its optimal pH, which is alkaline, and its ability to catalyze the removal of phosphate groups (phosphatase).
Function
Alkaline phosphatase plays a crucial role in the process of phosphorylation, where it catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters, releasing inorganic phosphate. This function is vital in many biological processes, including DNA replication and protein synthesis.
Clinical Significance
Increased levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood can indicate diseases such as liver disease or bone disorders. Conversely, lower than normal levels may suggest malnutrition or certain genetic disorders.
Related Terms
- Enzyme: A protein that acts as a biological catalyst to speed up a chemical reaction.
- Phosphorylation: The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule, often a protein.
- Liver disease: A type of medical condition that affects the liver.
- Bone disorders: Conditions that result in the abnormalities or damage to the bone.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Alkaline phosphatase
- Wikipedia's article - Alkaline phosphatase
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