Alpha particle
Alpha particle
An Alpha particle (pronounced /ˈælfə ˈpɑːrtɪkəl/), also known as an alpha ray or alpha radiation, is a type of ionizing radiation consisting of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus.
Etymology
The term "Alpha particle" originates from the first letter of the Greek alphabet, alpha (α). This is because it was the first type of radiation discovered and classified by Ernest Rutherford in 1899.
Properties
Alpha particles are a type of particle radiation and are highly ionizing. They have a positive charge and a mass of approximately 4 atomic mass units. Due to their large mass and strong interaction with matter, alpha particles have a very short range and cannot penetrate the outer layer of human skin or a sheet of paper.
Health effects
While alpha particles pose little external hazard, they can be harmful if ingested or inhaled, as they can cause significant damage to cells and DNA, potentially leading to cancer.
Detection and protection
Alpha particles can be detected using a Geiger-Muller counter or a Scintillation detector. Protection against alpha radiation can be achieved with simple measures such as wearing protective clothing and using respiratory protection in environments where alpha particle emission is a concern.
Related terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Alpha particle
- Wikipedia's article - Alpha particle
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