Anaphase

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Anaphase

Anaphase (/ˈænəˌfeɪz/; from the Greek ἀνά, ana = up, again, back, anew, against + φάσις, phasis = stage, phase) is a stage in mitosis and meiosis during which the chromosomes separate.

Etymology

The term "anaphase" was coined by German biologist Walther Flemming in 1882. It is derived from the Greek words ἀνά (ana), meaning 'up' or 'again', and φάσις (phasis), meaning 'stage' or 'phase'. This refers to the stage in cell division when chromosomes move away from one another to opposite ends of the cell.

Description

Anaphase begins when the centromeres that have been holding sister chromatids together split. The sister chromatids, now called daughter chromosomes, move towards the opposite ends of the cell. This movement is facilitated by the spindle apparatus. The cell elongates in preparation for the next stage of cell division, telophase.

Related Terms

  • Mitosis: The process of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.
  • Meiosis: A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.
  • Chromosome: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
  • Centromere: The point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.
  • Chromatid: Each of the two threadlike strands into which a chromosome divides longitudinally during cell division. Each contains a double helix of DNA.
  • Spindle apparatus: The cytoskeletal structure of eukaryotic cells that forms during cell division to separate sister chromatids between daughter cells.
  • Telophase: The final phase of cell division, between anaphase and interphase, in which the chromatids or chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell and two nuclei are formed.

External links

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