Angiosperm
Angiosperm
Angiosperm (pronounced: /ˈan.ji.oʊ.spɝːm/), from the Greek words angeion meaning "vessel" and sperma meaning "seed", is a term used to describe a large group of flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a protective fruit. They are the most diverse group of land plants, with approximately 300,000 species.
Etymology
The term "angiosperm" comes from the Greek words angeion ("vessel") and sperma ("seed"). This refers to the unique characteristic of these plants, which produce seeds that are enclosed within a protective fruit.
Characteristics
Angiosperms are characterized by a number of structural features, including:
- Flowers: The reproductive structure of angiosperms, which are often brightly colored and fragrant to attract pollinators.
- Seeds: Angiosperms produce seeds that are enclosed within a protective fruit. This is a key distinguishing feature of angiosperms.
- Fruits: The mature ovary of a flower, which contains the seeds. Fruits protect the seeds and aid in their dispersal.
- Stamens and Carpels: The male and female reproductive organs of the flower, respectively.
Classification
Angiosperms are classified into two main groups:
- Monocotyledons (or monocots): These have one embryonic leaf (cotyledon) in their seeds. Examples include grasses, lilies, and palms.
- Dicotyledons (or dicots): These have two embryonic leaves in their seeds. Examples include roses, sunflowers, and most trees and shrubs.
Evolution
The exact origin and early evolution of angiosperms is still a matter of scientific debate. However, it is generally agreed that they first appeared and began to diversify during the Cretaceous period, around 140 million years ago.
Economic Importance
Angiosperms are of immense economic importance. They provide the majority of plant-based food for humans and livestock, as well as many medicines, timber, and raw materials for industry.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Angiosperm
- Wikipedia's article - Angiosperm
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