Ankle-brachial index
Ankle-brachial index (pronunciation: /ˈæŋ.kəl ˈbreɪ.kiː.əl ˈɪn.dɛks/), often abbreviated as ABI, is a simple, non-invasive diagnostic procedure used to assess the blood flow in the lower extremities. It is primarily used to diagnose peripheral artery disease (PAD), a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs.
Etymology
The term "ankle-brachial index" is derived from the two anatomical sites where blood pressure measurements are taken: the ankle and the brachial artery in the arm. The "index" refers to the ratio that is calculated from these measurements.
Procedure
The ankle-brachial index is calculated by dividing the systolic blood pressure at the ankle by the systolic blood pressure at the brachial artery. This is typically done using a Doppler ultrasound device and a sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff).
Interpretation
The ABI result can help a healthcare provider to determine a patient's risk for PAD. A normal ABI score is between 1.0 and 1.4. A score below 1.0 may indicate PAD, with lower scores indicating more severe disease. A score above 1.4 may suggest hardened, calcified arteries (arteriosclerosis).
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