Anthelmintics
Anthelmintics
Anthelmintics (pronounced: an-thel-MIN-tiks) are a type of medication that expels parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them. They may also be called antihelminthics, antiparasitics, or vermifuges.
Etymology
The term "anthelmintic" is derived from the Greek words "anti" meaning against, and "helmins" meaning worms.
Types of Anthelmintics
There are several types of anthelmintics, each targeting different types of parasites. These include:
- Benzimidazoles: These are broad-spectrum anthelmintics that work by inhibiting the parasites' microtubule synthesis, leading to their death. Examples include albendazole and mebendazole.
- Imidazothiazoles and Tetrahydropyrimidines: These anthelmintics work by causing paralysis in the parasites. Examples include levamisole and pyrantel.
- Macrocyclic Lactones: These anthelmintics work by increasing the cell membrane's permeability to chloride ions, leading to paralysis and death of the parasite. Examples include ivermectin and moxidectin.
- Salicylanilides and Phenols: These anthelmintics work by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in flukes, leading to their death. Examples include niclosamide and oxyclozanide.
Usage
Anthelmintics are used in the treatment of many different types of parasitic worm infections, including ascariasis, hookworm, pinworm, trichuriasis, and tapeworm. They are also used in the treatment of parasitic infections in animals.
Side Effects
Like all medications, anthelmintics can have side effects. These can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, dizziness, or drowsiness. In rare cases, they can cause serious side effects like severe allergic reactions.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Anthelmintics
- Wikipedia's article - Anthelmintics
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