Antithrombin III
Antithrombin III
Antithrombin III (pronounced: an-ti-throm-bin three), also known as AT III, is a non-vitamin K-dependent protease that inhibits coagulation by lysing thrombin and factor Xa.
Etymology
The term "Antithrombin" is derived from the protein's function as an inhibitor of thrombin, a key enzyme in the coagulation cascade. The "III" denotes the third variant of this protein to be discovered.
Function
Antithrombin III is a small protein molecule that inactivates several enzymes of the coagulation system. It is a potent inhibitor of thrombin, factor Xa, and factor IXa, which are necessary for blood to clot. Antithrombin III is produced by the liver and consists of 432 amino acids.
Clinical Significance
Deficiency of Antithrombin III can lead to increased risk of thrombosis - abnormal formation of blood clots in blood vessels. This condition is typically inherited and increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
Antithrombin III deficiency can be diagnosed through blood tests and is often treated with anticoagulant medications. In severe cases, antithrombin III concentrate may be given to increase the levels of the protein in the blood.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Antithrombin III
- Wikipedia's article - Antithrombin III
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