Anuria
Anuria
Anuria (/ænˈjʊəriə/; from Greek: a-, "not" + ouron, "urine") is a medical condition characterized by the absence of urine production or a urine output of less than 100 milliliters per day. This condition is often associated with severe kidney disease.
Definition
Anuria is defined as a condition where the body is unable to produce urine. This can be due to a variety of causes, including severe kidney disease, certain medications, and blockages in the urinary tract.
Causes
The causes of anuria can be divided into three main categories: pre-renal, renal, and post-renal.
- Pre-renal causes are factors that reduce systemic blood flow, such as dehydration, blood loss, or heart failure, leading to decreased blood flow to the kidneys.
- Renal causes involve damage to the kidney tissue itself, caused by conditions such as acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, or glomerulonephritis.
- Post-renal causes involve obstruction of urine flow in any part of the urinary tract, from the calyces of the kidney, through the ureter, bladder, or urethra.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of anuria is the absence of urine production. Other symptoms may include swelling, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. In severe cases, anuria can lead to life-threatening complications such as uremia or hyperkalemia.
Treatment
Treatment for anuria is focused on addressing the underlying cause. This may involve medication, dialysis, or surgery. In cases where the kidneys are not functioning, a kidney transplant may be necessary.
Related Terms
- Oliguria: A condition characterized by the production of abnormally small amounts of urine.
- Polyuria: A condition characterized by the production of abnormally large amounts of urine.
- Dysuria: A condition characterized by painful or difficult urination.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Anuria
- Wikipedia's article - Anuria
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