Arcuate nucleus

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Arcuate Nucleus

The Arcuate Nucleus (pronunciation: /ɑːrˈkjuːeɪt ˈnjuː.kli.əs/) is a collection of neurons in the hypothalamus of the brain. The term "arcuate" comes from the Latin word "arcuatus" which means "bowed" or "arched", referring to the shape of this nucleus.

Function

The Arcuate Nucleus plays a crucial role in several physiological functions. It is involved in the regulation of appetite, energy homeostasis, and body weight. It also plays a role in the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), which is essential for reproductive function.

Anatomy

The Arcuate Nucleus is located in the mediobasal part of the hypothalamus, adjacent to the third ventricle and above the median eminence. It is divided into two major parts: the medial and lateral areas. The medial area is primarily involved in energy homeostasis, while the lateral area is involved in reproductive function.

Neurotransmitters

The neurons in the Arcuate Nucleus produce several neurotransmitters, including neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti-related peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART). These neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis.

Clinical Significance

Dysfunction of the Arcuate Nucleus has been implicated in several disorders, including obesity, anorexia nervosa, and infertility. Research is ongoing to understand the role of this nucleus in these conditions and to develop potential treatments.

See Also

External links

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