Astroglia
Astroglia
Astroglia (pronounced as-tro-glee-uh), also known as astrocytes (pronounced as-tro-sites), are a type of glial cell that are star-shaped and are the most abundant cell of the human brain. They perform many functions, including biochemical support of endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier, provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, maintenance of extracellular ion balance, and a role in the repair and scarring process of the brain and spinal cord following traumatic injuries.
Etymology
The term "Astroglia" comes from the Greek words "astron" meaning star and "glia" meaning glue, reflecting the star-like shape of these cells and their supportive role in the brain.
Function
Astroglia perform many essential functions in the brain. They provide physical and nutritional support for neurons, maintain the extracellular fluid and ion balance, and play a crucial role in the repair and scarring process following brain injuries. They also form the blood-brain barrier, a protective barrier that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the brain.
Related Terms
- Glial cell: Non-neuronal cells in the brain that support and protect neurons.
- Neuron: The primary cell type in the nervous system, responsible for transmitting information throughout the body.
- Blood-brain barrier: A protective barrier that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the brain.
- Extracellular fluid: Body fluid that is not contained within cells.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Astroglia
- Wikipedia's article - Astroglia
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