Autonomic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System
The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) (pronunciation: aw-toh-NAH-mik NUR-vus SIS-tem) is a component of the Peripheral Nervous System that controls various body functions such as heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupil dilation, urination, and sexual arousal. The ANS is responsible for regulating the body's unconscious actions.
Etymology
The term "Autonomic" is derived from the Greek words "auto" meaning self, and "nomos" meaning law. It refers to the system's ability to regulate itself or function independently.
Structure
The Autonomic Nervous System is divided into three parts: the Sympathetic Nervous System, the Parasympathetic Nervous System, and the Enteric Nervous System. Each of these systems has specific functions and often work in opposition to each other to maintain the body's homeostasis.
Function
The ANS plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's homeostasis by controlling the functions of the internal organs, blood vessels, smooth and cardiac muscles. It does this by receiving information about the body's internal environment and responding by stimulating or inhibiting various bodily functions.
Related Terms
- Sympathetic Nervous System: Part of the ANS that prepares the body for 'fight or flight' response.
- Parasympathetic Nervous System: Part of the ANS that calms the body and conserves energy.
- Enteric Nervous System: Part of the ANS that directly controls the gastrointestinal system.
- Homeostasis: The state of steady internal conditions maintained by living things.
- Peripheral Nervous System: The part of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Autonomic Nervous System
- Wikipedia's article - Autonomic Nervous System
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