Axoplasmic transport
Axoplasmic Transport
Axoplasmic transport, also known as axonal transport, is a cellular process responsible for the movement of mitochondria, lipids, synaptic vesicles, proteins, and other cell parts to and from a neuron's cell body through the cytoplasm of its axon (Axon). The pronunciation of axoplasmic transport is /ˌæksəˈplæzmɪk trænˈspɔːrt/.
Etymology
The term "axoplasmic transport" is derived from the words "axoplasm" and "transport". "Axoplasm" is the cytoplasm within the axon of a neuron, and "transport" refers to the movement of substances. The term "axoplasm" is derived from the Greek words "axon" (axis) and "plasma" (something formed or molded).
Types of Axoplasmic Transport
There are two types of axoplasmic transport: anterograde and retrograde transport.
- Anterograde Transport - This is the process of moving materials from the cell body to the synapses in the axon terminals. It is facilitated by the motor protein kinesin.
- Retrograde Transport - This is the process of moving materials from the axon terminal back to the cell body. It is facilitated by the motor protein dynein.
Related Terms
- Neuron - A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.
- Axon - The long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.
- Cytoplasm - The material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
- Kinesin - A motor protein that moves along microtubule filaments, and is powered by the hydrolysis of ATP.
- Dynein - A motor protein in cells which transports various cellular cargo by walking along cytoskeletal microtubules towards the minus-end of the microtubule, which is usually oriented towards the cell center.
- Microtubule - A microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Axoplasmic transport
- Wikipedia's article - Axoplasmic transport
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