Backbone

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Backbone

The backbone (pronounced: /ˈbakˌbōn/), also known as the spine or vertebral column, is a complex structure in the anatomy of vertebrates, including humans. It is a crucial part of the skeletal system, providing support for the body and protecting the spinal cord, which is a key part of the nervous system.

Etymology

The term "backbone" originates from the Old English words 'bæc' meaning "back" and 'ban' meaning "bone". The term "spine" comes from the Latin 'spina' which means "thorn" or "backbone". The term "vertebral column" is derived from the Latin 'vertebra', which means "joint" or "segment of the spine".

Structure

The backbone is made up of a series of small bones known as vertebrae. These are divided into different regions: the cervical vertebrae (neck), the thoracic vertebrae (chest), the lumbar vertebrae (lower back), the sacrum (base of the spine), and the coccyx (tailbone). Each vertebra is separated by an intervertebral disc, which acts as a shock absorber and allows for movement of the spine.

Function

The primary function of the backbone is to provide structural support for the body, allowing us to stand upright, bend, and twist. It also protects the spinal cord, which carries signals between the brain and the rest of the body. Additionally, the backbone serves as an attachment point for many muscles, aiding in movement and stability.

Related Terms

  • Vertebrae: The individual bones that make up the backbone.
  • Spinal cord: The bundle of nerves that runs down the center of the backbone.
  • Intervertebral disc: The cushioning between each vertebra in the backbone.
  • Skeletal system: The entire system of bones in the body, including the backbone.
  • Nervous system: The network of nerves in the body, including the spinal cord which is protected by the backbone.

External links

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