Beta particle
Beta particle
A Beta particle (pronounced: /ˈbeɪtə ˈpɑːrtɪkəl/), also known as a beta ray or beta radiation, is a high-energy, high-speed electron or positron that is emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei such as hydrogen-3 (tritium) or carbon-14. The production of beta particles is termed beta decay.
Etymology
The term "beta particle" is derived from the second letter of the Greek alphabet, beta (β). This is because in the early studies of radioactivity, beta particles were the second type of radiation discovered, following alpha particles.
Production and properties
Beta particles are produced by beta decay, a type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (an electron or a positron) is emitted. In the case of electron emission, it is referred to as beta minus (β− decay), while in the case of a positron emission, it is referred to as beta plus (β+ decay).
Beta particles have a charge of −1e or +1e, depending on whether it's an electron or positron, respectively. They are capable of penetrating the skin and causing radiation damage, such as radiation burns or radiation sickness.
Detection and protection
Beta particles can be detected using a Geiger-Muller counter or a scintillation detector. Protection against beta radiation can be achieved with various materials, including plastic, glass, or aluminum.
Related terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Beta particle
- Wikipedia's article - Beta particle
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