Biodosimetry
Biodosimetry
Biodosimetry (pronounced bio-doh-sim-eh-tree) is a field of medical science that focuses on the measurement of absorbed radiation doses in biological systems. It is derived from the Greek words "bios" (life), "dos" (dose), and "metry" (measurement).
Definition
Biodosimetry is a method used to estimate the absorbed dose of ionizing radiation in living organisms, including humans, by measuring the biological response to radiation exposure. This method is often used in cases of accidental or unexpected radiation exposure to determine the potential health effects.
Methods
There are several methods used in biodosimetry, including cytogenetic biodosimetry, biochemical biodosimetry, and EPR biodosimetry. Each method has its own advantages and limitations, and the choice of method depends on the specific circumstances of the radiation exposure.
Cytogenetic Biodosimetry
Cytogenetic biodosimetry involves the examination of chromosomes in cells to identify changes that are indicative of radiation exposure. The most commonly used technique in cytogenetic biodosimetry is the dicentric chromosome assay.
Biochemical Biodosimetry
Biochemical biodosimetry involves the measurement of changes in the levels of certain biochemical markers in the body that are indicative of radiation exposure. These markers include proteins, enzymes, and other molecules that are affected by radiation.
EPR Biodosimetry
EPR (Electron Paramagnetic Resonance) biodosimetry involves the measurement of unpaired electrons in biological tissues, which can be indicative of radiation exposure. This method is often used in cases of high-dose radiation exposure.
Applications
Biodosimetry is used in a variety of settings, including nuclear accidents, radiation therapy, occupational exposure, and radiological terrorism. It is also used in research to study the effects of radiation on biological systems.
Related Terms
- Radiation
- Ionizing radiation
- Radiation therapy
- Radiation protection
- Radiation biology
- Radiation dose reconstruction
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Biodosimetry
- Wikipedia's article - Biodosimetry
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