Bone healing
Bone Healing
Bone healing, or osteogenesis (pronounced: os·te·o·gen·e·sis), is a complex, well-orchestrated physiological process of bone formation, which can be seen during normal fracture healing, and is involved in continuous remodelling throughout adult life. The term "osteogenesis" is derived from the Greek words "osteon," meaning bone, and "genesis," meaning creation.
Process
The process of bone healing involves four primary stages: the inflammatory stage, soft callus formation, hard callus formation, and bone remodelling.
- Inflammatory Stage: This is the initial response to bone injury, which includes the formation of a blood clot and the release of inflammatory cytokines to recruit cells necessary for bone healing.
- Soft Callus Formation: This stage involves the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes, which form a soft, cartilaginous callus around the fracture site.
- Hard Callus Formation: The soft callus is gradually replaced by a hard callus made of woven bone, a process known as endochondral ossification.
- Bone Remodelling: The final stage of bone healing, where the woven bone is remodelled into lamellar bone, restoring the bone's original shape and structure.
Factors Affecting Bone Healing
Several factors can affect the process of bone healing, including the patient's age, overall health status, and the presence of any underlying conditions such as osteoporosis or diabetes. Nutritional status, particularly levels of vitamin D and calcium, also play a crucial role in bone healing.
Related Terms
- Fracture: A break in the continuity of the bone.
- Osteoblasts: Cells that form new bone.
- Osteoclasts: Cells that resorb or break down bone.
- Osteocytes: Mature bone cells.
- Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by decreased bone mass and increased risk of fractures.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Bone healing
- Wikipedia's article - Bone healing
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