CD28

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CD28

CD28 (pronounced: C-D-Twenty-Eight) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD28 gene. It is a type of molecule known as a costimulatory molecule that is expressed on T cells, a type of white blood cell.

Etymology

The term "CD28" is derived from the term "Cluster of Differentiation 28", a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on leukocytes. "CD" was adopted as a standard nomenclature for these surface molecules at the 1st International Workshop and Conference on Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens in 1982.

Function

CD28 is the receptor for CD80 (B7.1) and CD86 (B7.2) proteins. When activated by Toll-like receptor or T-cell receptor ligation, CD28 provides the co-stimulatory signal required for T cell activation and survival. It enhances cell proliferation and prevents apoptosis.

Related Terms

  • T cells: A type of white blood cell that is of key importance to the immune system and is at the core of adaptive immunity, the system that tailors the body's immune response to specific pathogens.
  • CD80: A protein found on activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival.
  • CD86: A protein expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival.
  • Apoptosis: A form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.

See Also

External links

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