Chorionic villi
Chorionic Villi
Chorionic villi (pronunciation: kɔːˈriːɒnɪk ˈvɪlaɪ) are microscopic, finger-like projections that emerge from the chorion, a layer of the placenta. They are an essential part of the maternal-fetal interface, facilitating the exchange of nutrients, gases, and wastes between the mother and the fetus.
Etymology
The term "chorionic villi" is derived from the Greek words "chorion" (outer fetal membrane) and "villus" (Latin for "shaggy hair"), referring to their hair-like appearance.
Function
Chorionic villi play a crucial role in pregnancy. They invade the maternal uterine wall, establishing a connection between the maternal and fetal blood supplies. This allows for the transfer of oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus and the removal of waste products from the fetal to the maternal circulation.
Related Terms
- Chorion: The outermost layer of the fetal membrane, from which the chorionic villi arise.
- Placenta: The organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, facilitating nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange.
- Uterine wall: The thick, muscular layer of the uterus where the placenta attaches and the fetus develops.
- Pregnancy: The period during which a fetus develops inside a woman's uterus.
Clinical Significance
Chorionic villi are the focus of a prenatal diagnostic test known as chorionic villus sampling (CVS). This procedure involves removing a small sample of chorionic villi from the placenta for genetic testing. It can detect chromosomal abnormalities and other genetic disorders early in pregnancy.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Chorionic villi
- Wikipedia's article - Chorionic villi
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