Chromatid
Chromatid
Chromatid (/kroʊˈmætɪd/; from the Greek chroma, color and -id, in reference to the colored appearance under a microscope) is one of the two identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome, which are joined at their centromeres, for the process of cell division (mitosis or meiosis).
Definition
A chromatid is one of two identical halves of a replicated chromosome. During cell division, the chromosomes duplicate to ensure that each new daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. The two identical copies—each forming one half of the replicated chromosome—are called chromatids.
Structure
Each chromatid is composed of DNA and protein. The DNA molecule is packaged into a compact, organized structure by proteins known as histones. The point where the two chromatids touch is called the centromere. This is the point of attachment for the spindle fibers that pull the chromatids apart during cell division.
Function
The primary function of the chromatid is to carry the genetic material to the new cells during the process of cell division. Each chromatid carries an exact copy of the DNA that was replicated during the S phase of the cell cycle.
Related Terms
- Chromosome: A structure within the cell that bears the genetic material as a threadlike linear strand of DNA bonded to various proteins.
- Centromere: The point on a chromosome by which it is attached to a spindle fiber during cell division.
- Cell Division: The process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
- DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
- Histones: Any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Chromatid
- Wikipedia's article - Chromatid
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