Co-stimulation
Co-stimulation
Co-stimulation (pronounced: koh-stim-yuh-ley-shuhn) is a biological process that plays a crucial role in the immune system. It is the secondary signal required for the activation of T cells, a type of white blood cells that are essential for immune responses.
Etymology
The term "Co-stimulation" is derived from the Latin prefix "co-" meaning "together", and the English word "stimulation", which refers to the act of encouraging or prompting an action or reaction. Thus, "Co-stimulation" essentially means "stimulation together".
Definition
Co-stimulation is a process that involves the simultaneous activation of two distinct signals. The first signal is provided by the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through the T cell receptors (TCRs). The second signal, known as the co-stimulatory signal, is provided by the interaction of co-stimulatory molecules on the APCs and the T cells. This dual signal system ensures that the T cells are activated only when necessary, preventing unnecessary immune responses.
Related Terms
- T cells: A type of white blood cell that plays a central role in the immune response.
- Antigen-Presenting Cells (APCs): Cells that display antigens to T cells to initiate an immune response.
- T cell Receptors (TCRs): Proteins found on the surface of T cells that recognize and bind to antigens.
- Immune system: The body's defense system against infections and diseases.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Co-stimulation
- Wikipedia's article - Co-stimulation
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