Cognitive disorder
Cognitive Disorder
Cognitive disorder (pronunciation: /kɒɡˈnɪtɪv ˈdɪsɔːdər/) is a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect cognitive abilities including learning, memory, perception, and problem solving.
Etymology
The term "cognitive" comes from the Latin word "cognitio", which means "knowledge". "Disorder" is derived from the Old French "desordre", meaning "lack of order or sequence".
Definition
Cognitive disorders are a category of mental health disorders that primarily affect learning, memory, perception, and problem solving. These disorders can be congenital or acquired, often as a result of a physical disease or injury. Cognitive disorders can have a significant impact on an individual's ability to function in daily life.
Types of Cognitive Disorders
There are several types of cognitive disorders, including:
- Dementia: A broad category of brain diseases that cause a long-term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember.
- Alzheimer's disease: A chronic neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens over time. It is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia.
- Amnestic disorder: Characterized by an individual's inability to remember or learn new information.
- Delirium: An acutely disturbed state of mind characterized by restlessness, illusions, and incoherence, occurring in intoxication, fever, and other disorders.
Symptoms
Symptoms of cognitive disorders can vary greatly depending on the type of disorder, but may include memory loss, confusion, difficulty completing familiar tasks, trouble understanding visual images and spatial relationships, problems with words in speaking or writing, misplacing things and losing the ability to retrace steps, decreased or poor judgment, withdrawal from work or social activities, and changes in mood and personality.
Treatment
Treatment for cognitive disorders depends on the specific disorder, but may include medication, cognitive rehabilitation, behavior management, and supportive services.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cognitive disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Cognitive disorder
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