Community acquired pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia
Community Acquired Pneumonia (pronounced as kuh-myoo-ni-tee uh-kwahyerd noo-moh-nee-uh) is a type of pneumonia that is contracted by a person with little contact with the healthcare system. The chief difference between community acquired pneumonia and other types of pneumonia is that patients with community acquired pneumonia are not recently hospitalized or living in a long-term care facility.
Etymology
The term "Community Acquired Pneumonia" is derived from the fact that the infection is acquired in the community, outside of a healthcare setting.
Symptoms
Symptoms of community acquired pneumonia can include fever, cough with or without sputum production, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms may include fatigue, loss of appetite, and confusion, especially in older people.
Causes
Community acquired pneumonia can be caused by a wide variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The most common bacterial causes are Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Viral causes include influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia typically involves a combination of physical examination, chest X-ray, and sputum culture. Other diagnostic tests may include blood tests, CT scan, and bronchoscopy.
Treatment
Treatment for community acquired pneumonia typically involves antibiotics, rest, fluids, and treatment of symptoms. The choice of antibiotic depends on the likely causative organism and the patient's underlying health status.
Prevention
Prevention strategies for community acquired pneumonia include vaccination against common causative organisms, good hand hygiene, and not smoking.
Related Terms
- Pneumonia
- Hospital-acquired pneumonia
- Ventilator-associated pneumonia
- Healthcare-associated pneumonia
- Bacterial pneumonia
- Viral pneumonia
- Fungal pneumonia
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Community acquired pneumonia
- Wikipedia's article - Community acquired pneumonia
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