Comparative genomic hybridization
Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH)
Comparative Genomic Hybridization (kəmˈparədiv jēˈnōmik ˌhībrədəˈzāSH(ə)n; abbreviated as CGH) is a molecular cytogenetic method for analysing copy number variations (CNVs) relative to ploidy level in the DNA of a test sample compared to a reference sample, without the need for culturing cells.
Etymology
The term "Comparative Genomic Hybridization" is derived from the process it describes. "Comparative" refers to the comparison of the genomic content of different samples. "Genomic" pertains to the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism. "Hybridization" refers to the process of joining two complementary strands of DNA or one each of DNA and RNA to form a double-stranded molecule.
Procedure
The procedure involves the following steps:
- DNA extraction: DNA is extracted from both the test and reference samples.
- DNA labeling: The DNA from the test sample is labeled with a green fluorescent dye, and the reference DNA is labeled with a red fluorescent dye.
- Co-hybridization: The labeled DNAs are mixed and hybridized to a normal metaphase chromosome spread.
- Microscopy and Image analysis: The hybridized chromosomes are viewed under a fluorescence microscope. The green/red fluorescence intensity ratio along the length of each chromosome is measured and a ratio profile plot is generated.
Applications
Comparative Genomic Hybridization is used in various fields such as:
- Cancer research: It helps in identifying DNA amplification, deletions, and other alterations in cancer cells.
- Prenatal diagnosis: It is used for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities in fetuses.
- Genetic counseling: It provides information about genetic disorders which can be used for counseling individuals or families.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Comparative genomic hybridization
- Wikipedia's article - Comparative genomic hybridization
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