Concussions
Concussions
A concussion (/kənˈkʌʃən/; from the Latin concussus, meaning 'shaken violently') is a type of traumatic brain injury that is often caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that shakes the brain inside the skull.
Causes
Concussions are typically caused by a sudden direct blow or bump to the head. They can also occur from a blow to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth, causing the brain to bounce around or twist within the skull. This sudden movement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist in the skull, creating chemical changes in the brain and sometimes stretching and damaging brain cells.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a concussion can be subtle and may not show up immediately. Symptoms can last for days, weeks or even longer. Common symptoms after a concussive traumatic brain injury are headache, loss of memory (amnesia) and confusion. Other symptoms include dizziness, nausea or vomiting, sensitivity to light and noise, and sleep disturbances.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of a concussion is based on physical and neurological exams, patient's history, and sometimes on imaging tests. Neurologists may perform a CT scan or MRI to rule out severe brain injuries like bleeding or swelling in the brain.
Treatment
Treatment for a concussion depends on the severity of the symptoms. Rest and restriction from activities can allow the brain to recover, reducing the risk of further damage. In severe cases, surgery may be required to alleviate swelling or bleeding.
Prevention
Prevention strategies include using protective headgear during sports or recreational activities, using seat belts and child safety seats properly, and making living areas safer for seniors, such as removing tripping hazards.
See Also
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