Congenital cataract

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Congenital cataract

Congenital cataract (/kənˈdʒɛnɪtəl ˈkætərækt/) is a type of cataract that is present at birth or develops during the first year of life. The term "congenital" comes from the Latin congenitus, meaning "born with" or "existing from birth", and "cataract" from the Greek katarraktēs, meaning "down-rushing" or "waterfall", in reference to the clouding effect it has on the lens of the eye.

Definition

A congenital cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye that is present at birth. This condition can affect one or both eyes and can lead to significant visual impairment if not treated promptly.

Causes

Congenital cataracts can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic mutations, metabolic disorders, infections during pregnancy such as rubella, and trauma during birth. They can also be associated with other eye conditions, such as microphthalmia and persistent fetal vasculature.

Symptoms

Symptoms of congenital cataracts can vary depending on the size and location of the cataract. They may include a white or grayish color in the pupil, nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), strabismus (crossed eyes), and poor visual response to light.

Treatment

Treatment for congenital cataracts typically involves surgery to remove the cataract and replace the clouded lens with an artificial one. This is usually followed by vision therapy to help the child develop normal vision.

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