Conium
Conium
Conium (pronunciation: /koʊˈniːəm/), also known as Hemlock, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. The term "Conium" is derived from the Greek word "kōneion," which means "hemlock."
Description
Conium is a genus of two species of highly poisonous plants, Conium maculatum and Conium chaerophylloides. They are herbaceous biennials growing up to 2.5 meters (8.2 ft) tall, with smooth, green, hollow stems, and white or purple flowers.
Toxicity
Both species of Conium contain the alkaloid coniine, which can cause death in humans and animals if ingested. Symptoms of Conium poisoning include nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, followed by progressive paralysis of the central nervous system.
Historical Significance
Conium has a long history of use and misuse. It is most famously known as the plant used to execute the philosopher Socrates. In ancient times, it was used as a sedative and anesthetic, although its use in modern medicine is limited due to its high toxicity.
Related Terms
- Coniine: An alkaloid found in Conium that is responsible for its toxicity.
- Hemlock: A common name for plants in the Conium genus.
- Apiaceae: The plant family to which Conium belongs.
- Socrates: The ancient Greek philosopher who was executed by drinking a concoction containing Conium.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Conium
- Wikipedia's article - Conium
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