Connexin
Connexin
Connexin (/kɒˈnɛksɪn/) is a type of protein that forms gap junctions and hemichannels, which are essential for cell communication and homeostasis. The term "connexin" is derived from the word "connection", referring to the protein's role in facilitating intercellular communication.
Etymology
The term "connexin" was first used in the late 20th century and is derived from the Latin word "connexus" which means "connection" or "link". This name was chosen to reflect the protein's role in forming connections between cells.
Function
Connexins are integral membrane proteins that form gap junctions, which allow for direct communication between the cytoplasm of two cells. This communication is crucial for many physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and homeostasis. Connexins also form hemichannels, which allow for communication between the cell and its extracellular environment.
Types
There are 21 known types of connexins in humans, each encoded by a different gene. These include Connexin 26, Connexin 32, and Connexin 43, among others. Each type of connexin can form a gap junction or hemichannel with different properties, contributing to the diversity of cell communication.
Related Terms
- Gap junction: A specialized intercellular connection that directly connects the cytoplasm of two cells.
- Hemichannel: A half of a gap junction channel that allows for communication between a cell and its extracellular environment.
- Intercellular communication: The exchange of information between cells through physical contact or chemical signaling.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Connexin
- Wikipedia's article - Connexin
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