Contingency table

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Contingency Table

A Contingency Table (pronounced: kənˈtɪndʒ(ə)nsi teɪb(ə)l), also known as a cross tabulation or crosstab, is a type of statistical table in a matrix format that displays the (multivariate) frequency distribution of the variables. They are heavily used in survey research, business intelligence, engineering, and scientific research. They provide a basic picture of the interrelation between two variables and can help find interactions between them.

Etymology

The term "Contingency Table" comes from the statistical term "contingency" which refers to the degree of statistical dependence between two or more variables. The term "table" is used because the data is arranged in a tabular, or table-like, format.

Related Terms

  • Frequency Distribution: A summary of how often different scores occur within a sample of scores.
  • Variable (statistics): A quantity that can change or vary, taking on different values.
  • Statistical Dependence: A statistical concept wherein the occurrence of one event is affected by the occurrence of a second event.
  • Survey Research: The collection of data from a sample of individuals through their responses to questions.
  • Business Intelligence: A technology-driven process for analyzing data and presenting actionable information to help executives, managers and other corporate end users make informed business decisions.
  • Engineering: The application of scientific and mathematical principles to practical ends such as the design, manufacture, and operation of efficient and economical structures, machines, processes, and systems.
  • Scientific Research: The systematic investigation of scientific theories and hypotheses.

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