Control theory
Control Theory
Control theory (pronunciation: /kənˈtroʊl ˈθɪəri/) is a branch of Mathematics and Engineering that deals with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how their behavior is modified by feedback.
The term "control theory" is derived from the practice of controlling the output of a system, such as a machine or process, by adjusting its input.
History
Control theory dates back to the 19th century, when James Clerk Maxwell showed that the governor of a steam engine could be described by differential equations. The field became widely recognized during the Industrial Revolution when the need for precise control of machines became critical.
Types of Control Theory
Control theory can be divided into two major types: Classical control theory and Modern control theory. Classical control theory is primarily concerned with single-input single-output (SISO) systems, while modern control theory deals with multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems.
Applications
Control theory has wide applications in various fields such as electrical, mechanical, chemical, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. It is used in the design of systems that maintain desired behaviors in the presence of disturbances, such as autopilot systems, thermostats, and robotic systems.
Related Terms
- Feedback: The process by which a system's output is used as an input to control its behavior.
- Dynamical system: A system in which a function describes the time dependence of a point in a geometrical space.
- Stability theory: A branch of mathematics that deals with the stability of solutions to differential equations and dynamical systems.
- System identification: The process of building mathematical models of dynamical systems from measured data.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Control theory
- Wikipedia's article - Control theory
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