Cortical dysplasia
Cortical Dysplasia
Cortical dysplasia (pronounced: kor-ti-kal dis-play-zha) is a congenital abnormality where the neurons in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero. It is a common cause of epilepsy and can occur with other brain abnormalities.
Etymology
The term "cortical dysplasia" is derived from the Greek words "kortex" meaning "bark", "dys" meaning "bad", and "plasis" meaning "formation". Thus, it refers to the improper formation of the "bark" or outer layer of the brain.
Types of Cortical Dysplasia
There are two types of cortical dysplasia: Type I and Type II.
- Type I cortical dysplasia is characterized by abnormal positioning of neurons in the cortex. It is often associated with seizures that are difficult to control.
- Type II cortical dysplasia, also known as Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD), is more severe and is characterized by both abnormal positioning and abnormal cells. It is often associated with severe epilepsy.
Symptoms
Symptoms of cortical dysplasia can vary greatly depending on the location and extent of the abnormality. Common symptoms include:
- Seizures
- Developmental delay
- Cognitive difficulties
- Motor skill difficulties
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of cortical dysplasia is typically made through a combination of MRI scans and EEG tests.
Treatment
Treatment for cortical dysplasia can include medications to control seizures, physical therapy for motor skill difficulties, and in some cases, surgery to remove the area of the brain where the dysplasia is located.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cortical dysplasia
- Wikipedia's article - Cortical dysplasia
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