Cytokinin
Cytokinin
Cytokinin (pronounced: /ˌsaɪtoʊˈkaɪnɪn/) is a class of plant growth substances (phytohormones) that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. They are involved in various processes of plant growth and development, including cell division, apical dominance, and leaf senescence.
Etymology
The term "Cytokinin" is derived from the Greek words "kytos" meaning "cell" and "kinesis" meaning "movement". This refers to the hormone's role in promoting cell division and growth in plants.
Related Terms
- Phytohormones: Plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development.
- Cytokinesis: The process of cell division in plants.
- Apical Dominance: The phenomenon whereby the main, central stem of the plant is dominant over other side stems.
- Leaf Senescence: The aging process of leaves, regulated by various environmental factors and plant hormones, including cytokinins.
Function
Cytokinins play a crucial role in cell division and growth. They are primarily involved in cell division in the roots and shoots of plants. They also play a role in delaying leaf senescence and promoting nutrient mobilization which contributes to the overall growth and development of the plant.
Synthesis and Metabolism
Cytokinins are synthesized in the roots of the plant and are transported to other parts of the plant where they are required. They are metabolized and deactivated by the process of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase.
Role in Plant Development
Cytokinins, along with other phytohormones, play a crucial role in various aspects of plant development. They are involved in the regulation of cell division, differentiation, and growth. They also play a role in the delay of leaf senescence, promotion of lateral bud growth (breaking of apical dominance), and nutrient mobilization.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Cytokinin
- Wikipedia's article - Cytokinin
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