DNA test

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DNA Test

A DNA test (pronounced: /diː.eɪ.nə/ test) is a scientific procedure that examines a person's genetic material. This is done by analyzing the individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses.

Etymology

The term "DNA test" is derived from the initialism for deoxyribonucleic acid, "DNA", and the English word "test", which in this context refers to a method of examination or evaluation.

Procedure

A DNA test typically involves collecting a sample of body fluid or tissue, such as blood, saliva, or skin cells, and sending it to a laboratory for analysis. The laboratory technicians then extract the DNA from the sample and analyze it using various techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), or short tandem repeats (STR) analysis.

Uses

DNA tests can be used for a variety of purposes, including:

  • Paternity testing: To determine if a man is the biological father of a child.
  • Genetic testing: To identify changes in chromosomes, genes, or proteins that may cause genetic disorders.
  • Forensic testing: To identify individuals in a criminal investigation or to determine the biological relationships between individuals.
  • Ancestry testing: To trace a person's ancestry and genealogical heritage.

Related Terms

  • Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
  • Chromosome: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
  • Gene: A unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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