Diabetic neuropathy
Diabetic Neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy (/ˌnaɪ.rəʊˈpæθ.i/; from the Greek words diabetes meaning "siphon" and neuropathy meaning "disease of the nerve") is a type of neuropathy that can occur in people with diabetes mellitus. It is a progressive disease, and symptoms can range from pain and numbness in the extremities to problems with the digestive system, urinary tract, blood vessels, and heart. Some people have mild symptoms, but for others, diabetic neuropathy can be painful, disabling, and even fatal.
Causes
Diabetic neuropathy is caused by high blood sugar levels sustained over a long period of time. Other factors can contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy, such as inflammation in the nerves caused by an autoimmune response, or genetic factors that make some people more susceptible to nerve disease than others.
Symptoms
Symptoms of diabetic neuropathy can vary depending on the type of neuropathy and which nerves are affected. Generally, diabetic neuropathy symptoms may include:
- Numbness, tingling, or pain in the toes, feet, legs, hands, arms, and fingers
- Wasting of the muscles of the feet or hands
- Indigestion, nausea, or vomiting
- Diarrhea or constipation
- Dizziness or faintness due to a drop in blood pressure after standing or sitting up
- Problems with urination
- Erectile dysfunction in men or vaginal dryness in women
Treatment
Treatment for diabetic neuropathy focuses on slowing the progression of the disease, relieving pain, managing complications, and restoring function. This may include medications for pain relief, physical therapy, and treatment for complications such as digestive problems, urinary tract problems, and sexual dysfunction.
Prevention
The best way to prevent diabetic neuropathy is to maintain a healthy lifestyle, which includes regular exercise, a healthy diet, and not smoking. Additionally, keeping blood sugar levels under control can significantly reduce the risk of developing diabetic neuropathy.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Diabetic neuropathy
- Wikipedia's article - Diabetic neuropathy
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