Diamagnetism
Diamagnetism (pronounced: /ˌdaɪəˈmæɡnəˌtɪzəm/) is a quantum mechanical phenomenon where a material becomes magnetized in a direction opposite to an externally applied magnetic field. It is a form of magnetism that is only exhibited by a substance in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. It is generally quite a weak effect in most materials, although superconductors exhibit a strong effect.
Etymology
The term "diamagnetism" was coined in the 19th century by the British scientist Michael Faraday, who discovered the phenomenon. The prefix "dia-" comes from the Greek word meaning "through" or "across", and "magnetism" comes from the Greek word "magnētis lithos", which means "magnet stone".
Properties
Diamagnetic materials are repelled by a magnetic field. An applied magnetic field creates an induced magnetic field in them in the opposite direction, causing a repulsive force. In contrast, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials are attracted by a magnetic field. Diamagnetism is a quantum mechanical effect that occurs in all materials; when it is the only contribution to the material's response to a magnetic field, the material is called diamagnetic.
Examples
Examples of diamagnetic materials include gold, quartz, water, copper, and certain types of plastic. These materials do not retain the magnetic properties when the external field is removed. Diamagnetic properties of a material can be compared with its other properties using a magnetic susceptibility chart.
See also
References
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Diamagnetism
- Wikipedia's article - Diamagnetism
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