Diencephalic syndrome
Diencephalic Syndrome
Diencephalic Syndrome (pronounced: die-en-sef-a-lik sin-drome) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by failure to thrive, despite a normal caloric intake, and hyperactivity.
Etymology
The term "Diencephalic" is derived from the Greek words "di" meaning two, and "encephalon" meaning brain, referring to the part of the brain where the syndrome originates. The term "syndrome" is derived from the Greek word "syndromē" which means "concurrence".
Definition
Diencephalic Syndrome is a condition primarily seen in infants and children, which is often associated with certain brain tumors such as gliomas. The syndrome is characterized by a failure to gain weight or grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive), despite having a good appetite and consuming an appropriate number of calories. Other symptoms may include nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), emaciation (extreme thinness), and hyperactivity.
Symptoms
The primary symptom of Diencephalic Syndrome is failure to thrive. Despite a normal or even voracious appetite, children with this syndrome do not gain weight or grow at the expected rate. Other symptoms can include:
- Nystagmus: Involuntary eye movements
- Emaciation: Extreme thinness and wasting away of the body
- Hyperactivity: Excessive physical movement and activity
- Insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- Pallor: Unhealthy pale appearance
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of Diencephalic Syndrome is typically made based on the characteristic symptoms, a detailed patient history, a thorough clinical evaluation, and various specialized tests such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) or CT scan (Computed Tomography scan).
Treatment
Treatment of Diencephalic Syndrome is directed toward the specific symptoms that are apparent in each individual. This may include surgical removal of the tumor, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy. Nutritional support is also an important part of treatment.
Related Terms
- Glioma: A type of tumor that occurs in the brain and spinal cord
- Failure to thrive: A condition in which children do not gain weight or grow at the expected rate
- Hyperactivity: A state of excessive activity
- Nystagmus: A condition of involuntary eye movement
- Emaciation: The state of being abnormally thin or weak
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Diencephalic syndrome
- Wikipedia's article - Diencephalic syndrome
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