Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

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Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (pronunciation: dye-hydro-fo-late re-duc-tase in-hib-it-or) is a type of drug that inhibits the function of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This enzyme is crucial for the synthesis of tetrahydrofolate, a compound necessary for the production of DNA and RNA.

Etymology

The term "dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor" is derived from the name of the enzyme it inhibits, dihydrofolate reductase. The term "inhibitor" is used in pharmacology to denote substances that decrease the activity of enzymes.

Mechanism of Action

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors work by binding to the active site of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme, preventing it from converting dihydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate. This inhibits the synthesis of DNA and RNA, which can halt the growth of rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells.

Examples

Examples of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors include methotrexate, trimethoprim, and pyrimethamine. These drugs are used in the treatment of various conditions, including cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and malaria.

Side Effects

Potential side effects of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hair loss. More serious side effects can include liver damage, lung damage, and bone marrow suppression.

Related Terms

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