DNA profiling
DNA Profiling
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting, DNA testing, or DNA typing) is a forensic technique used in crime labs to assist in the identification of individuals by their respective DNA profiles. DNA profiles are encrypted sets of numbers that reflect a person's DNA makeup, which can also be used during paternity testing. The likelihood of having two people with the same DNA profile is extremely small.
Pronunciation
- IPA: /diː.eɪ.nəʊ 'prəʊ.faɪ.lɪŋ/
Etymology
The term "DNA profiling" was first used in the late 1980s, with the word "DNA" being an acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid, the genetic material in humans and almost all other organisms, and "profiling" referring to the process of creating a unique biochemical identification of a person.
Process
DNA profiling is primarily used for forensic science. Forensic scientists can use DNA in blood, semen, skin, saliva or hair found at a crime scene to identify a matching DNA of an individual, such as a perpetrator. This process is formally termed DNA fingerprinting.
Related Terms
- Genetic fingerprinting: A technique used in forensic analysis that uses DNA samples to determine the identity of individuals.
- Polymerase chain reaction: A method widely used in molecular biology to make several copies of a specific DNA segment.
- Short Tandem Repeats: These are the key to DNA profiling. They are short sequences of DNA that are repeated numerous times in a row.
- Forensic science: The application of science to criminal and civil laws, mainly—on the criminal side—during criminal investigation, as governed by the legal standards of admissible evidence and criminal procedure.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on DNA profiling
- Wikipedia's article - DNA profiling
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