Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), is a rare but serious condition that can occur as a reaction to certain medications. Pronounced as "dress", the etymology of the term is derived from the symptoms it causes: a drug rash, eosinophilia (an increase in a type of white blood cell called eosinophils), and systemic symptoms such as fever and organ involvement.
Definition
DRESS is a severe, potentially life-threatening reaction to a drug. It is characterized by a rash, eosinophilia, and systemic symptoms such as fever, lymphadenopathy, and involvement of internal organs such as the liver, kidney, or lungs.
Causes
DRESS is most commonly caused by certain types of medications, including anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and allopurinol. The exact mechanism of how these drugs cause DRESS is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve an immune response.
Symptoms
The symptoms of DRESS typically begin two to six weeks after starting the offending drug. They may include a rash, fever, swollen lymph nodes, and symptoms related to the involvement of internal organs. The rash is often widespread and can be severe.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of DRESS is based on clinical symptoms and a history of exposure to a potential causative drug. Laboratory tests may show eosinophilia and abnormal liver function. In some cases, a skin biopsy may be performed.
Treatment
The treatment of DRESS involves immediate discontinuation of the suspected drug and supportive care. In severe cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
- Wikipedia's article - Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
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