Endochondral
Endochondral Ossification
Endochondral ossification (pronunciation: en·do·chon·dral os·si·fi·ca·tion) is a specific process of bone formation that involves the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bone tissue. This process is responsible for the formation of long bones and most of the skeleton in mammals.
Etymology
The term "endochondral" is derived from the Greek words "endo," meaning within, and "chondros," meaning cartilage. This refers to the process where bone tissue forms within a cartilage model.
Process
Endochondral ossification begins with the development of a cartilage model. The perichondrium differentiates into a periosteum, and the mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoblasts. These osteoblasts form a collar of bone around the diaphysis of the cartilage model. This process continues with the development of the primary and secondary ossification centers, bone marrow formation, and the formation of the articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate.
Related Terms
- Osteoblast: A type of cell that is responsible for bone formation.
- Periosteum: A membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones.
- Mesenchymal cells: Multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
- Ossification centers: The areas where bone growth occurs.
- Epiphyseal plate: A hyaline cartilage plate in the metaphysis at each end of a long bone.
See Also
- Intramembranous ossification: Another process of bone formation, where bone develops from mesenchymal tissue without a cartilage model.
- Bone remodeling: The process of renewal and replacement of bone tissue.
- Skeletal system: The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Endochondral
- Wikipedia's article - Endochondral
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