Endothelial cells
Endothelial Cells
Endothelial cells (pronunciation: /ɛnˌdoʊˈθiːliəl ˈsɛlz/) are a type of epithelial cell that line the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
Etymology
The term "endothelial" is derived from the Greek words "endon" meaning "within" and "thelē" meaning "nipple". This refers to the location of these cells lining the inside of blood and lymphatic vessels.
Function
Endothelial cells are involved in many aspects of vascular biology, including:
- Vasodilation and vasoconstriction: Endothelial cells produce substances that control vascular relaxation and contraction.
- Blood clotting: They produce anticoagulant substances to prevent blood clotting within the vessels.
- Inflammation: Endothelial cells can control the passage of materials and the transit of white blood cells into and out of the bloodstream.
- Angiogenesis: They are involved in the formation of new blood vessels.
Related Terms
- Endothelium: The thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, formed by endothelial cells.
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): A signal protein produced by cells that stimulates the formation of blood vessels.
- Endothelial dysfunction: A broad term that describes impaired functioning of the endothelium, which can lead to several diseases like atherosclerosis and hypertension.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Endothelial cells
- Wikipedia's article - Endothelial cells
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