Enthalpy

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Enthalpy

Enthalpy (/ɛnˈθælpi/) is a property of a thermodynamic system. It is the sum of the system's internal energy and the product of its pressure and volume.

Etymology

The term enthalpy comes from the Greek word 'enthalpos' meaning 'to put heat into'. It was first introduced by the physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs in 1873.

Definition

Enthalpy is a state function that is often used in engineering, chemistry, and thermodynamics. It is defined as the sum of the internal energy (U) of the system plus the product of pressure (P) and volume (V) of the system, or H = U + PV.

Related Terms

  • Internal Energy: The energy associated with the random, disordered motion of molecules. It is separated into potential energy and kinetic energy.
  • Pressure: The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area.
  • Volume: The quantity of three-dimensional space enclosed by a closed surface.
  • Thermodynamics: The branch of physics that deals with heat and temperature, and their relation to energy, work, radiation, and properties of matter.
  • State Function: A property of a system that depends only on its current state, not on the way it got to that state.
  • Josiah Willard Gibbs: An American scientist who made significant theoretical contributions to physics, chemistry, and mathematics.

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