Enzyme induction
Enzyme Induction
Enzyme induction is a process in which a molecule (e.g., a drug) induces (i.e., stimulates or promotes) the expression of an enzyme.
Pronunciation
- Enzyme: /ˈɛnzaɪm/
- Induction: /ɪnˈdʌkʃ(ə)n/
Etymology
The term "enzyme" comes from the Greek words "en" meaning "in" and "zyme" meaning "leaven". "Induction" is derived from the Latin word "inducere" which means "to lead in".
Process
Enzyme induction is a process that occurs when a molecule, such as a drug or a natural compound, activates the gene responsible for the production of a particular enzyme. This activation leads to an increase in the synthesis of the enzyme, which can then metabolize the inducing molecule more efficiently.
Related Terms
- Enzyme Inhibitor: A molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.
- Gene Expression: The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product.
- Metabolism: The set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Examples
Some examples of substances that can induce enzymes include:
- Phenobarbital: This drug can induce the enzyme cytochrome P450, which is involved in drug metabolism.
- Rifampicin: This antibiotic can induce the enzyme RNA polymerase, which is involved in the synthesis of RNA.
Clinical Significance
Enzyme induction can have significant clinical implications. For example, if a drug induces the enzymes that metabolize it, the drug may be cleared from the body more quickly than expected. This could potentially lead to a decrease in the drug's effectiveness.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Enzyme induction
- Wikipedia's article - Enzyme induction
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