Epigenetic regulation

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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic regulation (pronunciation: /ˌɛpɪdʒɪˈnɛtɪk rɛgjʊˈleɪʃən/) is a process that controls gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. It involves changes in the physical structure of DNA, which can turn genes on or off, influencing the production of proteins in the cell.

Etymology

The term "epigenetic" is derived from the Greek word "epigenesis," which means "over and above" (epi) the "genesis" or creation. The term "regulation" comes from the Latin "regulare," which means to control or direct.

Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic regulation involves several mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA molecules. These mechanisms can influence gene expression and contribute to cellular diversity.

DNA Methylation

DNA methylation is a process where a methyl group is added to the DNA molecule, which can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. It is one of the most extensively studied epigenetic mechanisms.

Histone Modification

Histone modification involves the addition or removal of chemical groups to histone proteins, which can influence the structure of the DNA and control gene expression.

Non-coding RNA Molecules

Non-coding RNA molecules can also regulate gene expression. These molecules can bind to DNA and prevent it from being transcribed into RNA, thereby controlling the production of proteins.

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